The Royal Chitwan Park , considered a sanctuary in 1973 is situated in the sub-tropical lowlands of southern Nepal , lying between two mountain ranges, the Shivalik and the Mahabharat range. This is the flood plain of three rivers, the Rapti, the Reu and the Narayani. The forest is dominated by Sal trees (shorea robusta) and tall grasses. This is the natural habitat of endangered animals like Bengal tigers, one-horned rhinoceros and gharial crocodile. This park also provides shelters for some of the animals that needs protection like gaur (the world's largest wild cattle), four species of deer, leopards, wild dogs, fishing cats, leopard cats, python and Gangetic dolphin. There are over 50 species of mammals and 450 species of birds in the park.

This park is situated in western Nepal to the south of the Shivalik range bordering the Karnali River on the west. The vegetation and wild life found in this park are similar to those of the Royal Chitwan National Park . In addition, the wild elephant and swamp deer are also found here. Rhinos in this area became extinct a long time ago. Therefore, 13 rhinoceros were captured in Chitwan National Park and introduced in this park.